Clik here to view.
Quartzite in Ancient Egypt
Quartzite, the hardest and toughest stone normally encountered in nature (7 on Mohs Scale of Hardness). The Egyptian variety is a sedimentary stone, correctly termed an "orthoquartzite" (to...
View ArticleClik here to view.
People of Ancient Egypt
Tracking the movements and establishing the identity of peoples in the archaeological and historical records is a difficult and often ambiguous project. Physical anthropology is the best source...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Transporting Stone and Metal in Ancient Egypt
A number of variations of the Old Kingdom titles "Master of the Roads" and "Official of the Masters of the Roads" have been found both in the Memphite necropolis and in the mining areas of...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Pepinakht Heqaib
Entrance of the tomb of Heqaib at Qubbet el-HawaPepinakht Heqaib, whose "good (or familiar) name" was Heqaib ("ruler of my heart"), was a major official at Elephantine island , an island in the...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Personal Hygiene in Ancient Egypt
The most important element of personal hygiene was always cleanliness, achieved by frequent washing or bathing. Priests had to wash daily, or more often, to remain ritually pure. Upper-class houses...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Perfumes and Unguents in Ancient Egypt
In modern parlance, a "perfume" is made of essential oils in an alcohol base. Distillation of pure alcohol was unknown in pharaonic times; "perfume" or "cologne" as such did not exist in...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Persian Empire
Persian Empire in the Achaemenid era, 6th century BCIn 529 BCE, the Greek general of mercenaries, Phanes of Halicarnassus, betrayed the Egyptian pharaoh Amasis (r. 570-526 BCE). Thus the Persian king...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Petamenophis
Four ushabti of Pediamenopet, now in MunichThe most extensive private tomb constructed at any Egyptian site during the pharaonic era belonged to a little-known chief lector-priest, Petamenophis (or...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Petosiris
Tomb of Petosiris at Tuna el-Gebel"he whom Osiris has given"; also called Kliapakhonsu) was high priest of Thoth and lesonis-priest (oikonomos, head of finance) of the temple of Thoth at Hermopolis...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie
Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie in 1903Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie (1853-1942), archaeologist, bom at Charlton, Kent, on 17 June 1853. His father, William Petrie, was a...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Petuabastis
Petuabastis, a name given to several kings of the Third Intermediate Period and Late period, meaning "gift of Bast." Petuabastis I:Petuabastis I (r. 813-C.773 BCE) first king of the...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Philae
Philae, an island at the First Cataract of the Nile (24°02'N, 32°59'E), on the southern frontier of Ancient Egypt, It is the site of the most beautiful of all ancient Egyptian temples. In the 1970s,...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Piety in Ancient Egypt
The concept of piety in ancient Egypt could be defined as a personal, individual expression of faith in and devotion to a deity, as opposed to institutionalized religious practice, which was...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Piramesse
From the early days of Egyptology, continuing attempts were made to locate the position of the Ramessid capital called "The House of Ramesses Beloved of Amun Great of Victories." It...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Tell el-Maskhuta (Pithom)
Nubian prisoners of the tomb of Horemheb in SaqqaraModern Tell el-Maskhuta was known anciently as Per Atum (hence biblical Pithom), Tukw ("The Estate of Atum in Tkw" [biblical Sukkoth]), Greek...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Second Intermediate Period
During the Second Intermediate Period (Middle Bronze IIB), a small—roughly 2 hectares—unfortified village with strong Near Eastern or Hyksos characteristics occupied the center of what was...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Piya (744–714 BC)
Piye's pyramid at El-KurruPiya (744–714 BC), third king of the twenty-fifth or Kushite, dynasty. Late period. Piya, also known as Piankhy, was the first ruler of the Kushite kingdom to attempt to...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Plutarch (c.46-120 CE)
Plutarch's bust at Chaeronea, his home townPlutarch (c.46-120 CE), a greek historian and philosopher. Bom in Chaeronea in Boeotia, Plutarch was educated in Athens, mainly by the Platonist...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Portraiture in ancient Egypt
Egyptian death mask from the 18th dynasty. Louvre, ParisThe origins of portraiture in ancient Egypt no doubt lie in the belief in eternal life. In the early phases of Egyptian history known...
View ArticleClik here to view.
Poultry in ancient Egypt
Taking full advantage of the abundance of avian life in their country, the ancient Egyptians' diet was enriched by birds, especially delicious and highly nutritious migratory waterfowl. Just how...
View Article